For many HVAC students, the processes that take place in the sheet metal shop can feel like a mysterious phase that exists between design and installation. You know the ducts come from there—but what actually happens behind those shop doors? How do raw metal sheets turn into the custom duct systems that you see in residential basements or attics or in commercial mechanical rooms?

This article pulls back the curtain on the real-world workflow of an HVAC sheet metal shop—what goes on, who does what, and how it all ties into what you’re learning in class.

The Starting Point: The Job Ticket (Work Order)

Everything in a shop begins with the job ticket. Sometimes called a work order, this “ticket” is a detailed sheet that includes information about a project’s duct design and fabrication needs from the project engineer or estimator, including:

• Job name and address
• Type of ductwork needed (e.g., rectangular, spiral, flex)
• Quantity and size of each piece
• Special instructions (gauge, liner, reinforcements, etc.)
• Deadlines and shipping details

The job ticket tells the fabrication team what needs to be made and when. It’s the foundation of shop workflow.

Layout: The Blueprint Comes to Life

Once the job ticket is reviewed, the layout person (sometimes called a layout tech or pattern maker) gets to work. This role is all about taking the engineer’s drawings and translating them into metal.

Using software like AutoCAD, Revit, or CAMduct, the layout tech prepares templates or sends files directly to a plasma cutter or coil line. If it’s a small shop or old-school setup, they might even manually lay out duct shapes on sheet metal using a ruler, scribe, and compass.

Those who specialize in this phase of duct fabrication need to have:

• Blueprint reading skills
• Knowledge of duct fittings and transitions
• An understanding of sheet metal allowances and seams

For students, this is where your math and geometry skills come in handy!

Cutting and Forming: How Flat Sheets Turn Into Ducts

Once the layout is done, the action moves to the fabrication floor. Here’s where you’ll find an array of specialty machines and tools, like:

• Plasma tables – These cut intricate shapes with computer-guided precision.
• Shears – For making straight cuts in sheet metal by hand.
• Brakes and folders – Used to bend the metal into duct shapes.
• Roll formers – For making Pittsburgh seams or snap-lock edges.
• Beaders and notching machines – To reinforce and prepare edges.

Fabricators work these machines and handle the metal with skill and care. They follow the layout plans and job ticket to produce the parts that will be needed for the project. Safety is key here—HVAC duct fabrication involves being around metal edges that are sharp, and machines don’t forgive mistakes. Therefore, it is essential to always wear gloves, safety glasses, and steel-toed boots whenever you set foot in a shop environment.

Duct Assembly: Where It All Comes Together 

After all the individual parts are cut and shaped, they go to the assembly station. This is where things start to look like actual ductwork.

It is here where the assemblers perform the following tasks:

• Join seams (Pittsburgh, snap-lock, etc.)
• Attach S and drive cleats
• Install turning vanes, dampers, or access doors
• Add duct liner or insulation (if required)
• Spot-weld or rivet pieces together 

This stage also includes quality checks. A supervisor or lead fabricator might measure the pieces to ensure everything meets specs. A mistake at this point could cause installation issues or airflow problems on the job site.

Labeling and Staging: Ready for Delivery 

Once assembled, each duct section gets labeled based on the drawing or layout system (e.g., “R-12,” “S-3A”) so the installers in the field know exactly where each section goes. After labeling, the ducts are staged on pallets or carts, wrapped or strapped for delivery, and loaded onto trucks for transport. 

Duct fabrication shops typically coordinate closely with field supervisors to make sure deliveries arrive in the correct order, so installers aren’t stuck sorting through tons of duct looking for one piece.

Duct Fabrication Shop Roles: Who Does What?

Here’s a breakdown of key roles in a typical HVAC sheet metal shop:

• Shop Foreman – Oversees daily operations and ensures deadlines are met
• Layout Technician – Reads plans, creates patterns, and programs machines
• Fabricators – Cuts, bends, and shapes metal parts
• Assemblers – Puts the parts together into finished duct sections
• Helpers/Laborers – Moves materials, assists other workers, and cleans up the shop
• Driver – Delivers the finished product to job sites

As an HVAC student who is being hired to work in a duct fabrication shop, it is common to start as a helper or sheet metal apprentice. As your skills grow, you will start to move up into the more technical positions. 

The Pace and Culture of Shop Life 

A job in a duct fabrication shop can be fast-paced, especially during peak construction seasons. Workers are often judged by accuracy and efficiency—not just how fast they go, but how few mistakes they make. 

It’s a team environment, but communication is key. One mistake in layout can slow down everyone else on the floor. Respect, attention to detail, and a willingness to learn are all traits that will help take you a long way. 

Why HVAC Students Should Care 

Understanding what goes on in a sheet metal shop gives you a huge advantage—whether you're planning to install ductwork or fabricate it. The fact is – when you understand how ducts are made, you will install them better. You will catch problems early. And you might even be able to suggest field-friendly solutions that impress the foreman. 

So the next time you walk past the fabrication shop, remember: it's more than just bending metal. It's a high-skill, detail-oriented process that makes modern HVAC systems possible—and it might just be where your HVAC career takes off.

Start on Your HVAC Career Path by Enrolling at BTrained Today!

At BTrained, our HVAC training program is just the thing you need if you want to enter this exciting field. We purposely keep our classes small, so you can enjoy more personal attention and plenty of hands-on practice that will help you gain the skills you need to be a highly skilled, and valued, technician. 

Enroll today and secure your spot in one of our upcoming HVAC training programs in Huntsville or Birmingham, AL and get the best start possible into the highly rewarding field of Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation!